Epidemiology of diarrhea among expatriate residents living in a highly endemic environment

Article Abstract:

Tourists in developing countries may not be the only ones who are at risk for diarrhea. Researchers compared the risk factors for diarrhea in 69 expatriates living in Nepal, 120 tourists and 112 residents and tourists who did not develop diarrhea. The risk of diarrhea was associated with being a tourist: they made up 63% of those with diarrhea but only 22% of those without. They were more likely to have severe symptoms, such as fever and vomiting. However, during the one-year study, there were 500 cases of diarrhea in residents. Diarrhea was associated with younger age, shorter stay in Nepal and eating out in restaurants. The longer a resident had lived in Nepal, the lower the risk of diarrhea. Foods most associated with the risk of diarrhea included foods that were cooked and re-heated and blended fruit and yogurt drinks. Residents and tourists alike had evidence of infectious organisms in their stool, but the incidence was higher in tourists.

Health aspects, Risk factors, Diarrhea, Expatriation

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Cat scratch disease: from feline affection to human infection

Article Abstract:

Cat scratch disease has been difficult to diagnose, especially in patients who have symptoms not usually associated with the disease. Skin tests and lymph node biopsies are often necessary to confirm a diagnosis. Though cat scratch disease often runs a benign course, patients have been known to develop severe complications such as encephalopathy. Originally thought to be caused by a bacterium Afipia felis, recent research has linked Rochalimaea henselae to the disease. Using a broader definition of the disease allowed researchers to identify R. henselae in blood samples from 84% of their study population. Identification of the organism, or organisms, responsible for cat scratch disease will aid in the development of tests that would eliminate the need for biopsies. Transmission of the disease also should be studied further.

Care and treatment, Editorial, Cat-scratch disease

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