Biological defense research: charting a safer course

Article Abstract:

The rise in the US Army's research into chemical and biological agents has raised concern in the scientific and medical communities. Physicians and scientists are raising questions about the propriety, benefit, and safety of this type of military research. Since 1981, the Army's expenditures on biological agents have increased from $15 million to $60 million . Civilian scientists contend that the military use of biological agents is highly unlikely, basing this belief on the inherent drawbacks that these weapons pose: they are unpredictable, they endanger their creators and their users, and they may have negative long-term ecological consequences. Congress appears poised to respond to constructive suggestions from scientists and physicians but the ability of Congress to make decisions about these matters is limited by the availability of documentation. Physicians can reduce the threat of biological weapons by refusing to participate in their development; physicians share the responsibility of resisting the misuse of medical science.

Laws, regulations and rules, Public opinion, Military research, Chemical warfare

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Abstinence and safer sex HIV risk-reduction interventions for African American adolescents: a randomized controlled trial

Article Abstract:

Advice on condom use appears to be most effective in encouraging African-American teens to practice safe sex. Unsafe sex practices are one of the risk factors for HIV infection. Researchers tested educational programs that advised 659 African-American teenagers on abstinence or condom use. Teens who received advice about abstinence were less likely to have sex three months later but not six or 12 months later. Those who received advice about condom use were more likely to use condoms consistently at all follow-up periods. This was especially true of those who had sexual experience.

Evaluation, Education, Study and teaching, Safe sex, African American youth, African American teenagers, Health risk communication

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Infectious disease and biological weapons: prophylaxis and mitigation

Article Abstract:

The US medical profession has focused more intently on the use of biological weapons since 1989. Since then, the threat of biological weapons in the Persian Gulf war and the emergence of several deadly diseases has led to increased efforts to prepare for the eventual use of biological weapons in the US. Physicians will be among the first responders in such an event, so they need to learn how to treat diseases caused by biological weapons. In addition, greater coordination is needed between local governments, the federal government and the military.

Editorial, Analysis, Management, Emergency management, Emergency preparedness

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