Building sound and regular teeth: the National Institute of Dental Research celebrates its golden anniversary

Article Abstract:

The director of the National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR) reflects on the accomplishments of the agency since it was created by federal legislation on June 24, 1948. At that time, tooth decay was a serious problem and most Americans could expect to lose most of their teeth by the age of 45. In 1998, fewer than 10% of Americans are in this category. NIDR-sponsored research has led to the high-speed drill, panoramic X-rays and the development of dental sealants and new restorative materials. However, many children and adults still have tooth decay and periodontitis so there is much work still to be done.

Innovations, Cover Story, Dentistry, United States. National Institute of Dental Research

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Streptococcus mutans, early childhood caries and new opportunities

Article Abstract:

Many different factors probably increase a child's risk of dental cavities, but the bacterium Streptococcus mutans plays an important role. A teenager's mouth contains over 400 different bacteria. Most bacteria live in a substance called biofilm, which coats the surface of teeth and other structures. They break down sugar, which produces acid that eats away at teeth. However, genetics also plays a role in tooth decay, as does nutrition and local immunity. Antibiotics, vaccines, and fluoridated water may help prevent dental cavities in children.

Health aspects, Causes of, Dental caries, Streptococcus mutans

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What's in a tooth?

Article Abstract:

Paleontological evidence indicates that teeth have existed in vertebrates since approximately 500 million years ago. As vertebrates evolved, teeth had to evolve to fit the changing skull and face. Changing nutrition also forced changes in tooth structure. The way that teeth are formed have been strongly conserved throughout vertebrate evolution. Scientists have recently identified several genes that control tooth development in the developing embryo. They include the amelogenin, enamelin and ameloblastin genes, which produce tooth enamel.

Physiological aspects, Teeth, Embryology, Animal embryology

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