Update: cholera - Western Hemisphere, and recommendations for treatment of cholera

Article Abstract:

Cholera, a potentially life-threatening disease, is spread by contaminated water and food. Good hygiene can prevent transmission, and once diagnosed, it can easily be treated. Currently there are cholera epidemics in several Latin American countries, and 15 cases associated with that epidemic have been reported in the United States this year. During the past 18 years, 65 cases of cholera have followed the eating of raw or undercooked shellfish from the Gulf of Mexico, and each year a few travelers returning from countries outside the Western Hemisphere contract cholera. The cause, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of cholera are briefly described. It is rare for an affected person to transmit the disease to other members of the family in this country, and therefore cholera vaccine is not recommended. However, proper handwashing techniques should be employed, and washing of contaminated clothes and bed linen with soap and bleach is necessary to prevent transmission of the disease. Plumbing facilities should be inspected to ensure that sewage is being properly treated. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

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Cholera in the Americas: guidelines for the clinician

Article Abstract:

The epidemic of cholera in South America and the 17 cases brought to the US by travelers from Latin America indicates that US physicians should be prepared to treat the disease. Cholera is caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae that causes a loss of fluid and minerals from the intestines. This can lead to severe diarrhea and dehydration. It is transmitted through contaminated food and water. The most effective treatment is oral rehydration, which replaces water and minerals. Individuals who are severely dehydrated need intravenous therapy with Ringer's lactate solution. Antibiotics can reduce the duration of cholera and the transmission of the bacterium. Individuals who had contact with the patient can be given antibiotics also. All cholera cases should be reported to the state health department and the CDC. Vaccines tested so far have not been effective in preventing cholera. Visitors to countries affected by cholera should follow the usual recommendations for preventing traveler's diarrhea.

Diseases, South America

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