Contrast material-induced renal failure in patients with diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency, or both

Article Abstract:

Body imaging is an important tool used in diagnosing disease. Radioactive material is often injected into the patient to aid in visualizing internal structures. Hospital-induced renal (kidney) failure has been linked to the radiographic contrast material used for imaging in some patients. Identifying the factors that put a patient at risk for contrast material-induced kidney failure is controversial. It is thought that patients having diabetes mellitus and renal insufficiency are at greater risk. Patients undergoing imaging using contrast material having diabetes, abnormal kidney function or both were compared to similar patients having imaging without the use of contrast material. Blood creatinine levels were measured and used as an indicator of kidney failure. The risk of kidney failure in patients with diabetes and preexisting kidney insufficiency was 8.8 percent. Non-diabetic patients already having renal insufficiency had a risk of 11.8 percent. Diabetic patients without renal insufficiency had a small risk of developing kidney failure. Researchers conclude that patients with renal insufficiency are five times more likely to contract material-induced kidney failure than similar patients not receiving contrast material during imaging procedures.

Diabetes, Diabetes mellitus

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Contrast nephrotoxicity: a randomized controlled trial of a nonionic and an ionic radiographic contrast agent

Article Abstract:

Body imaging is an important tool used in diagnosing disease. Radioactive material is often injected into the patient to aid in visualizing internal structures. In some patients hospital induced kidney (renal) failure has been linked to the radiographic contrast material used for body imaging (contrast nephrotoxicity). The kind of contrast material used with its characteristic electrical charge and osmolarity (the amount of particles in a solution) may contribute to kidney failure. New nonionic (no electrical charge) agents were compared to the currently used ionic (charged) agents. Three groups of patients having diabetes, heart failure or preexisting renal insufficiency were randomly assigned to the two types of contrast agents. Toxicity was measured by the amount of creatinine (an indicator of kidney function) in the blood. The use of the new nonionic contrasting agent offered no advantage over the current ionic material in preventing contrast nephrotoxicity.

Methods, Angiography, Cardiac catheterization, Heart catheterization

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Preventing nephropathy induced by contrast medium

Article Abstract:

The incidence of contrast-medium-induced nephropathy varies among studies due to difference in definition, background risk, type and dose of contrast medium, imaging procedure and the frequency of other potential causes of acute renal failure. Patients with normal kidney functions and no recognized risk factors for contrast-medium-induced nephropathy do not require routine testing or prophylactic intervention before angiography.

New England States, Care and treatment, Prevention, New England, Kidney diseases, Peripheral nerve diseases, Peripheral nervous system diseases

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