Cost-effectiveness of alternative screening strategies for developmental dysplasia of the hip

Article Abstract:

Ultrasound screening of all newborn girls and boys at risk for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) may be the most cost-effective method of diagnosing the disease. Cost analysis of diagnosis and treatment was performed on the results of a randomized study comparing screening methods for DDH on 11,925 Norwegian newborns. The trial compared ultrasound screening of all newborns versus selective ultrasound screening of infants at risk for DDH or with symptoms of DDH at clinical examination versus infants having clinical examination only. The average cost of diagnosis and treatment in the universal ultrasound screening group was $27.90 U.S. dollars versus $29.60 for selective ultrasound screening and $29.20 for clinical screening only. The most cost-effective approach was to screen all girls and only boys at risk because DDH is rare in boys. Assuming that 12% of newborn boys would be at risk for DDH, the cost of this approach would be $20.70 per infant.

Health aspects, Research, Economic aspects, Ultrasound imaging, Medical care, Cost of, Health care costs, Hip joint, Hip dislocation, Congenital hip dysplasia

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State-to-state variations in newborn screening policies

Article Abstract:

The Wisconsin neonatal screening program may be a model of effective newborn testing for genetic and metabolic disorders. Each state studies and implements neonatal screening through unique processes. Researchers surveyed each state to determine the tests performed and the methods used in implementing and changing testing protocols. States rely on legislation, regulatory action, advisory panels, and other systems to manage testing programs. Wisconsin's Newborn Screening Advisory Group meets regularly, evaluates data, and considers changes without need for legislative approval.

Pediatric diseases, Demographic aspects, Metabolic diseases, Metabolic disorders in children

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Trends in age at the first medical evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus infection among infants born to infected mothers

Article Abstract:

Infants of HIV-infected pregnant women may be receiving prenatal testing and earlier pediatric care now than in the past. Researchers followed 925 infants born to HIV-infected mothers in New York City through two years of age and analyzed their medical care. Over time, more of these infants are receiving pediatric HIV care in their first three months of life. Prenatal care is important for both mother and baby, as earlier knowledge of the infant's HIV status can enhance the effect of preventive treatments against HIV and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

HIV infection in children, Pediatric HIV infections

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