Postmenopausal Estrogens--Opposed, Unopposed, or None of the Above

Article Abstract:

It may be time to re-evaluate whether many postmenopausal women need to have hormone replacement therapy. Hormone therapy is often used to prevent heart disease and osteoporosis. However, these diseases can also be prevented by good diet, a healthy lifestyle and plenty of exercise. Progesterone was added to estrogen to prevent endometrial cancer but combination therapy can increase the risk of breast cancer. A 1999 study found that combination therapy increased the risk of breast cancer even more than estrogen alone.

Editorial

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Dietary fat and fiber in relation to risk of breast cancer: an 8-year follow-up

Article Abstract:

Women who reduce their fat intake may not necessarily reduce their risk of developing breast cancer. During an eight-year follow-up of 89,494 women in the Nurses' Health Study, 1,439 women developed breast cancer. There was no association between fat intake and the risk of developing breast cancer. This was true even in women who were postmenopausal. Women who consumed more than half their calories as fat were no more likely to develop breast cancer than those who consumed less than one-third their calories as fat. There was no association between the type of fat eaten and the risk of developing breast cancer. There was also no association between dietary fiber and the risk of developing breast cancer. Epidemiological studies have found low incidences of breast cancer in countries with low fat intake, but other dietary and life-style factors could be involved.

Dietary fat, Fiber in human nutrition, Dietary fiber

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Dual effects of weight and weight gain on breast cancer risk

Article Abstract:

Weight gain in adulthood may increase a woman's risk of developing breast cancer after menopause. This was one conclusion of a 16-year follow-up of 95,256 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study. During that time, 2,517 women developed breast cancer and 60% were postmenopausal. Weight gain during adulthood did not increase the risk of premenopausal breast cancer but increased the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer two-fold in women who did not use hormone therapy. Weight gain and hormone use combined were linked to one-third of postmenopausal breast cancer cases.

Weight gain

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