Does this patient have a goiter?

Article Abstract:

Determining whether a patient has a goiter may be valuable in diagnosing thyroid dysfunction and in monitoring the effectiveness of therapy in patients with thyroid disease. A goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located in the front of the lower neck. It tends to be larger in populations whose diets are deficient in iodine, but in Western populations the average weight is approximately 10 grams. Examination of the thyroid gland includes visual inspection, including measurement with a ruler if enlargement is noted, and palpation, or feeling the gland. Goiter detection is not always straightforward because of patients' different physical characteristics. The size of the neck, presence of fat pads and displacement of the thyroid gland are all factors that may result in misdiagnosis. Studies have shown that physicians tend to overestimate smaller thyroid glands and underestimate larger ones. Ultrasound and nuclear scans can provide accurate size determinations.

Medical examination, Goiter, Thyroid gland

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Does This Patient Have Aortic Regurgitation?

Article Abstract:

The most important physical finding for diagnosing aortic regurgitation is the presence of an early diastolic murmur. Aortic regurgitation occurs when the aortic valve inside the aorta weakens and allows blood to fall back into the heart. Researchers evaluated 16 studies of the diagnosis of aortic regurgitation and found that the presence of a murmur immediately after the heart contracts was the best indicator of aortic regurgitation. The absence of this murmur was accurate in ruling out aortic regurgitation.

Aortic valve insufficiency

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Does This Patient Have Clubbing?

Article Abstract:

Clubbing of the fingers is probably present if the profile angle exceeds 180 degrees and the phalangeal depth ratio exceeds 1. Clubbing of the fingers can be a sign of lung disease and inflammatory bowel disease.

Abnormalities, Lung diseases, Fingers, Irritable bowel syndrome

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