Effects of Th1 and Th2 cytokines on cytokine production and ICAM-1 expression on synovial fibroblasts
Article Abstract:
Immune system chemicals called cytokines that are released by Th1 and Th2 cells may help control the function of developing cells in joint lubricating fluid of patients with arthritis. Th1 and Th2 cells are two different types of T lymphocytes, which are white blood cells that participate in immune responses. Researchers isolated developing cells from joint lubricating tissue of patients with arthritis and stimulated these cells with different cytokines to see if the cells would produce other cytokines. The only cytokine produced was interleukin-6 (IL-6). Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) induced the greatest production of IL-6. The stimulated cells also produced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a molecule that allows T lymphocytes to attach to connective tissue.
Publication Name: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0003-4967
Year: 1995
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Expression of CD44 on rheumatoid synovial fluid lymphocytes
Article Abstract:
The levels and size of the CD44 molecules in the joint lubricating fluid may play a role in the extent of tissue damage in rheumatoid arthritis patients. CD44 molecules attract white blood cells to sites of infection and also play a role in maintaining the integrity of joint fluids. Researchers analyzed blood and joint fluid samples from 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and compared them with samples from healthy volunteers. CD44 levels were higher in arthritic joint fluid compared to CD44 levels in the blood of the same individual. The CD44 molecules found in arthritic joint fluid were significantly smaller than those found in blood. The differing size of the molecules may have an effect on their immune properties.
Publication Name: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0003-4967
Year: 1995
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The Th1-Th2 model - what relevance to inflammatory arthritis?
Article Abstract:
T-helper (Th) cells may play an important role in inflammatory arthritis, but it is unlikely that the Th1-Th2 cell profile is the primary causative process in these joint diseases. Th1 white blood cells produce interferon-gamma, interleukin 2, and tumor necrosis beta, cytokines which largely contribute to inflammation. Th2 cells secrete interleukins, and are thought to be primarily anti-inflammatory. Although these powerful substances modulate inflammation, their effects are not consistent in all disease processes.
Publication Name: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0003-4967
Year: 1998
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