HTLV-I p27rex regulates gag and env protein expression

Article Abstract:

The human T cell virus type I (HTLV-I) causes a severe type of adult T leukemia and is also associated with neurological disorders. Growth and division of the HTLV-I virus is regulated, and individuals who are infected with HTLV-I do not have high circulating levels of the virus. The genes of the virus encode proteins that are the structural units of the virus and also proteins that are involved in the regulation of protein synthesis. The protein p27rex is encoded by a regulatory gene and controls the synthesis of two groups of structural proteins, gag (structural proteins for the inner core of the virus) and the envelope proteins (structural proteins for the outermost layer of the virus). Messenger RNA molecules are normally synthesized from genes and are processed and then synthesized into proteins. The p27rex protein causes an accumulation of unprocessed messenger RNA molecules, preventing the messenger RNA from being synthesized into the gag and envelope proteins. The p27rex also controls envelope protein production by regulating processed RNA to be synthesized into proteins. Understanding how the viral proteins are synthesized and regulated should allow potential therapies to be developed which would disrupt the synthesis of the virus and therefore could be used to treat individuals infected with HTLV-I. The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) which causes AIDS, has a protein similar to p27rex which is encoded by the rev gene. The understanding of the regulation of protein synthesis in HTLV infection may provide insight into the regulation of the proteins of HIV. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Physiological aspects, Proteins, Protein synthesis, Messenger RNA

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The HTLV-I envelope glycoproteins: structure and functions

Article Abstract:

The exact three-dimensional structure of the envelope glycoproteins of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is not known but it is probably similar to that of other retroviruses such as HIV. Both viruses have an external surface glycoprotein and a membrane-spanning protein that anchors the external glycoprotein. Mutations of these glycoproteins causes a loss of function. In most of the retroviruses, these envelope glycoproteins bind to cell receptors in the host, which allows the virus to fuse with and enter the cell.

Glycoproteins, Viral envelopes

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Utility of SHIV for testing HIV-1 vaccine candidates in macaques

Article Abstract:

A chimeric virus made from simian and human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) may help researchers test AIDS vaccines. SHIV contains some HIV envelope proteins and when rhesus monkeys were inoculated with SHIV, they developed antibodies against SHIV and the HIV gp120 protein. Monkeys vaccinated with inactivated HIV were protected against SHIV infection. Chimpanzees are the only non-human animal in which HIV can reproduce, but their endangered status makes them unsuitable for an animal model of AIDS.

AIDS vaccines, Simian immunodeficiency virus

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