Hematopoietic stem-cell transplants using umbilical-cord blood

Article Abstract:

Umbilical cord blood could be used as a source of blood stem cells for treating adults with leukemia provided that it contains 2 x 10(super 7) nucleated cells per kilogram of the recipient's weight. Stem cells can be used in place of a bone marrow transplant and the donor and recipient do not need to be matched.

Editorial, Fetal blood

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Hematopoietic reconstitution in a patient with Fanconi's anemia by means of umbilical-cord blood from an HLA-identical sibling

Article Abstract:

Fanconi's anemia is a rare form of aplastic anemia (reduction of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin) which results from an inability of the marrow to produce blood cells. The disease is caused by a genetic (autosomal recessive) trait inherited from both parents. The condition of these anemic patients progressively worsens and they often are affected by other systemic problems, including development of tumors that are not directly related to their blood problems. The abnormal bone marrow cells are very sensitive to particular chemical agents (DNA cross-linking agents) and this fact can be used as the basis of a test for the presence of this trait. A case is presented concerning a five-year-old boy severely affected by Fanconi's anemia due to blood which was supplied from the placenta and umbilical cord of a newborn sibling. It is now possible to test the developing embryo for Fanconi' anemia, and in this case it could be established that the baby's tissue type was identical to that of her afflicted brother. In preparation for the transplant the marrow cells of the boy were intentionally destroyed by a combination of radiation and drugs. The blood derived from the umbilical cord and placenta was infused and two hours later the patient experienced chills, fever and a drop in blood pressure. These symptoms passed rapidly and the child was started on a treatment of the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine that continued for six months. The child is now free from medication, shows no signs of graft-versus-host disease (a common complication of bone marrow transplants) and leads a normal life. This study demonstrates that human material that in the past has been discarded (placenta and umbilical cord blood) may have utility in the treatment of some diseases. It is likely that the methods used in this case to treat Fanconi's anemia may be extended to bring similar successful treatment to other diseases and conditions.

Research, Bone marrow, Bone marrow transplantation, Fanconi's anemia, Aplastic anemia, column

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Transplants of umbilical-cord blood or bone marrow from unrelated donors in adults with acute leukemia

Article Abstract:

The outcomes in 682 adults with acute leukemia were compared who received a hematopoietic stem-cell transplant form an unrelated donor: 98 received cord blood and 584 received bone marrow. It was found that cord blood form an unrelated donor is an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells for adults with acute leukemia who lack an HLA-matched bone marrow donor.

Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences, Research and Testing Services, Medical Research, Epilepsy & Muscle Disease R&D, Administration of Public Health Programs, Health Research Programs, Patient outcomes, Comparative analysis, Leukemia, Medicine, Experimental

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