Immunization of adults

Article Abstract:

Vaccination of adults is a public health issue that is not addressed as often as vaccination of children. Despite the low priority of adult vaccinations on the public health agenda, more deaths from preventable diseases occur among adults than among children each year. Vaccines are available for pneumococcal bacteremia, influenzae and hepatitis B. Other commonly used vaccines include the tetanus-diptheria vaccine and the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. Vaccination against rabies is often necessary for people who have been bitten by an animal or who are exposed to rabid animals. Individuals with increased exposure to tuberculosis patients may consider the bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine. International travelers may need to be vaccinated against diseases such as polio, typhoid fever, cholera and Japanese encephalitis. New vaccines include two hepatitis A vaccines and a chickenpox vaccine.

Care and treatment, Usage, Adults, Immunization

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Ehrlichiosis - in pursuit of an emerging infection

Article Abstract:

Ehrlichia infections, transmitted by tick bites, are emerging as a cause of human illness. The recent cultivation of the causative agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis should lead to more thorough characterization of the disease. This may allow determination of whether the pathogen is distinct from the E. equi and E. phagocytophila species known to infect horses and ruminants. Since 1991, 400 cases of E. chaffeensis infection have been reported, mainly in the southeast and mid-Atlantic states. Although the disease targets mononuclear - not granulocytic - hematopoietic cells, it is clinically indistinguishable from human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, of which there have been several dozen cases reported in the midwest and northeast since 1994. The infections have a 5% estimated fatality rate. Therapy should be given promptly, without waiting for a lengthy serologic diagnosis.

Analysis, Identification and classification, Tick-borne diseases, Ehrlichiosis, Ehrlichia

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The risk of vaccination -- the importance of "negative" studies

Article Abstract:

Two studies published in 2001 found that vaccination does not increase the risk of multiple sclerosis or increase the rate of relapse in people who already have multiple sclerosis. The public must be taught that when one event follows another, it does not necessarily mean that the two events are connected.

Complications and side effects, Risk factors, Vaccination, Multiple sclerosis

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