Isradipine for hypertension

Article Abstract:

Isradipine is a newly approved oral drug that is chemically related to other two calcium-channel blockers, nicardipine and nifedipine. All are used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and act by relaxing smooth muscle in the walls of arteries, thereby decreasing blood vessel resistance. These vasodilating drugs are stronger than verapamil or diltiazem, which are also calcium-channel blockers. Tachycardia (rapid heart rate), a reflex response to lowered blood pressure, is minimal with isradipine, and oxygen requirements of the heart tissue do not increase. Isradipine is rapidly absorbed and is extensively metabolized after absorption. Its peak blood levels are reached at 1.5 hours, and the drug is chiefly excreted in urine. The drug is as effective as other calcium-channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, or beta-blockers in treating hypertension and is similarly effective in blacks and whites. Like the other channel blockers, isradipine may cause flushing, headache, tachycardia, dizziness, and fluid accumulation in the ankles, especially when first used. Blood levels of fats are not altered. Blood levels of propranolol, a beta-blocker, may be increased when isradipine is used. Age, kidney dysfunction, and liver disease may increase blood levels, but dose adjustment is not recommended. Experience and studies will determine whether isradipine offers any advantage over other available calcium-channel blockers. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Calcium channel blockers, Isradipine

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Betaxolol for hypertension

Article Abstract:

Betaxolol, a new selective beta-blocker, has been approved for once-daily treatment of hypertension (abnormally high blood pressure). It is effective, but offers no clinical advantage over other beta-blockers in treating hypertension. All beta-blockers can cause severe bronchospasm in patients who have obstructive pulmonary (lung) disease; in insulin-dependent diabetics, they can prolong insulin-induced hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) at the same time that they mask its symptoms. Used in low doses, however, selective beta-blockers of this type have effects that are mostly limited to the heart; used in doses to treat hypertension, they may cause bronchospasm, but are less likely than nonselective beta-blockers to prolong insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Betaxolol, like other beta-blockers, may cause heart failure, hypotension (abnormally low blood pressure) and atrioventricular block (a blockage of the electrical impulses between heart chambers), but these effects are uncommon. Betaxolol and other beta-blockers may trigger the production of antibodies that react against normal cells. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Physiological aspects, Adrenergic beta blockers, Adrenergic beta-antagonists, Betaxolol

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Moexipril: another ACE inhibitor for hypertension

Article Abstract:

Moexipril hydrochloride (Univasc), a newly approved ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor, may treat hypertension as effectively as the other seven ACE inhibitors. Although few data from drug testing are available, moexipril may reduce high blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Similar to other ACE inhibitors, African American patients may respond less to moexipril. Moexipril is not absorbed very well and should be taken without food. Adverse effects include salt depletion, dehydration, and dry coughing. Kidney problems may also occur in combination with some health conditions. Moexipril and other ACE inhibitors are not recommended for pregnant women. The cost of moexipril, at less than $15 for 30 days, compares favorably with other ACE inhibitors.

Product/Service Evaluation, ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, Univasc (Medication)

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