Childhood Passive Smoking, Race, and Coronary Artery Disease Risk

Article Abstract:

Physiological changes leading to coronary artery disease which appears in middle age begin in childhood. Cigarette smoking is an important contributor to activating the early stages of atherosclerosis in adolescents and young adults. This may relate to the inverse dose-dependent relationship between cigarette smoking and HDL-C levels. (Low levels of HDL-C = high risk of heart disease, as do high levels of LDL-C) Second-hand tobacco smoke also affects this process, and adolescents exposed to their parents' smoke have depressed levels of HDL-C and its subfractions. In studies involving twins, this theory of process has been borne out.

Physiological aspects, Coronary heart disease, Passive smoking

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Hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis

Article Abstract:

Patients with elevated cholesterol levels can be separated into three levels of risk for atherosclerosis based on prior history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or the presence of additional risk factors. Treatment options for hyperlipidemia include diet, exercise, smoking cessation and drug therapy. The major types of drugs for cholesterol control include bile acid sequestrants, niacin, hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors or 'statins,' fibric acid derivatives and probucol. Treatment of hyperlipidemia in women and the elderly is also discussed.

Care and treatment, Hyperlipidemia

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