Making sense of tonicity and intravenous therapy

Article Abstract:

Intravenous therapy can play a key role when there is an imbalance in fluid levels between various parts of a patient's body. The main principles relating to fluid replacement are giving the amount required based on an assessment of fluid loss and maintaining normal daily requirements of around 2,500ml. It is necessary to know the degree to which the patient is hydrated, and the electrolyte status must also be considered when choosing either an isotonic solution or a hypertonic solution.

Practice, Nursing, Intravenous therapy

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The extrapyramidal effects of phenothiazines on patients

Article Abstract:

Phenothiazines can be an effective tranquillising drug to use in the treatment of schizophrenia, as they block the effects of dopamine, which is associated with schizophrenia. There may be some extrapyramidal side-effects to be treated. This can be undertaken by reducing the drug dose gradually or by moving to a phenothiazine which rarely produces side-effects. It is also possible to use other anti-cholinergic drugs, although these may be less effective against akathisia.

Drug therapy, Schizophrenia, Phenothiazine, Phenothiazines

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Making sense of pulse oximetry and oxygen dissociation curve

Article Abstract:

The body needs to maintain a constant oxygen supply to keep tissues healthy. Pulse oximetry is a useful tool for monitoring the oxygen content of a patient's blood. Its main use is to detect low blood oxygen levels, known as hypoxaemia. The physiology of oxygen transport is reviewed and the usefulness of a pulse oximeter is discussed.

Measurement, Physiological aspects, Oxygen, Oxygen in the body, Blood gases, Oximetry, Blood gas analysis

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