Natural history and prognostic factors for chronic hepatitis type B

Article Abstract:

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes a chronic inflammatory condition involving the liver. It is characterized by fever, jaundice, and an enlarged liver. In a certain number of cases, hepatitis B progresses to cirrhosis, a much more serious, often fatal, degenerative liver condition; in other cases, particularly in patients with permanent termination of HBV replication, spontaneous remission occurs. Previous studies on heterogeneous patient populations have suggested that some combination of parameters may allow prediction of which patients will improve and which will worsen, but experimental conditions have not been standardized well enough to draw firm conclusions. To clarify this issue, a long-term study assessed 105 HBV-infected patients without cirrhosis (at time of diagnosis); they were monitored for periods ranging from 1 to 16 years, and underwent periodic liver biopsies. During an average follow-up period of 3.7 years, 20 percent of the patients developed cirrhosis (calculated annual incidence 5.9 percent). Patients with chronic active hepatitis and bridging hepatic necrosis (a lesion seen in biopsy specimens) were significantly more likely to develop cirrhosis than patients with either the chronic active or chronic persistent forms of the disease. Multivariate statistical methods revealed that older age, presence of bridging hepatic necrosis, and persistence of hepatitis B DNA in the blood predicted the development of cirrhosis. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Causes of, Complications and side effects, Physiological aspects, Hepatitis B, Liver cirrhosis, Hepatitis B virus

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Resistance movement

Article Abstract:

The medical profession considers enterococci to be low-grade pathogens but their resistant to antibiotics is increasing and enterococcal infections are becoming increasingly common in hospitals. Enterococci are naturally resistant to a range of antibiotics but they are acquiring resistance to the remaining antibiotics through genetic transference. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci are particularly worrying as vancomycin is the main treatment option. Health care workers must take steps to control the spread of these, and other, antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Usage, Antibiotics, Vancomycin, Bacteria, Pathogenic, Pathogenic bacteria

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