Nazi science - The Dachau hypothermia experiments

Article Abstract:

Experiments on prisoners in the German concentration camps in World War II were brutal crimes. It is controversial if the results of these experiments, from approximately 30 projects, should be used. The most questionable is the Dachau concentration camp experiment on the effects of hypothermia, or cold temperatures, on humans. Some feel that the Nazi experiments are gross violations of human standards and should not be trusted, while others feel that the results may add to the understanding of hypothermia and save lives. The results of the experiments need to be evaluated for their reliability and their scientific rigor. A critical analysis of the protocols used in experimentation, the results and the reliability and credentials of the investigators was critically analyzed. Serious shortcomings of the Dachau hypothermia experiments were revealed. No orderly experimental protocols were used. The methods were inadequate and the reports are inconsistent. Evidence exists that data was falsified and made up. The conclusions are not supported by the facts presented. There is additional evidence that the director of the project was dishonest. It is concluded that the Dachau study is a scientific fraud and that the data cannot advance the understanding of hypothermia. An ethical debate on the use of these experiments is not necessary because the experiments are not scientifically sound. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Case studies, Reports, Hypothermia, Dachau (Concentration camp)

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Fifty years later: the significance of the Nuremberg code

Article Abstract:

The Nuremberg Code has greatly influenced the medical community's perception of the human rights of research subjects since it was presented in 1947. These 10 research principles were formulated after the prosecution of physicians involved in experimentation in the Nazi concentration camps. The guidelines were drafted by judges that recognized that more than Hippocratic ethics were necessary to protect research subjects. Although it encompasses many of the medical ethics outlined in the Hippocratic Oath, it focuses on the rights of the subject, to informed consent and to the right to withdraw from any experiment.

Analysis, History, Nuremberg Code, 1947

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Practical experiences in obtaining informed consent for a vaccine trial in rural Africa

Article Abstract:

Obtaining informed consent from individuals may be possible in cultures in which community leaders usually make decisions to participate in studies. Researchers obtained consent from Senegal, African mothers for participation in a study comparing two types of whooping cough vaccine. Consensus meetings were held in villages explaining the study. Subsequently, individual mothers were asked for consent when their child was immunized. There were informed refusals at both meetings and clinic visits, which shows that individuals made informed choices.

Testing, Vaccines, Informed consent (Medical law), Informed consent

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