Pathology

Article Abstract:

Several new developments in pathology are discussed. Research in hematopathology, the study of blood diseases, has brought insights into how genes are arranged during cell differentiation and has increased understanding of how T cells (a cell of the immune system) develop, and identified the structure of immunoglobulins (the basic structural unit of antibodies). The mechanisms are described. Such findings elucidate the kinds of abnormalities seen in some cancers, such as lymphomas. Forensic pathology, the branch of pathology concerned with legal questions, uses techniques of molecular biology to match DNA (genetic material) 'fingerprints' left at a crime with DNA of criminal suspects. Controversy has arisen over the use of such approaches and national standards will undoubtedly be set. The diagnostic armamentarium of pathologists has been enhanced by the identification of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies, markers for many nonmalignant diseases of the kidneys, lungs, and other organs. The presence of this marker in many conditions suggests that they share a 'final common pathway' of response to inflammation, a pathway that is not mediated by immune complexes. The function of these autoantibodies is, as yet, undetermined. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Research, Methods, Reports, Autoantibodies, Immunological research, Immunologic research, Pathology, Molecular, Molecular pathology, Forensic pathology, Immunopathology

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Pathology and laboratory medicine

Article Abstract:

Advances in the field of pathology are tied to an increased understanding of molecular and cellular biology and the development of tests that can analyze the molecular structure of small patient samples. Fluorescence in situ hybridization can detect both repetitions and deletions on specific genes. Genetic predispositions toward the development of certain diseases and environmentally caused genetic damage may be identified. This will allow early identification of diseases while they are still treatable. The polymerase chain reaction can be used to detect genetic changes that may be related to different stages of cancer development. The ability of the pathologist to monitor cytokine levels is important in tracking potential organ transplant rejection. Cytokines can be measured to determine immune system functioning. Pathologists must work quickly to determine the best therapy against the newer strains of tuberculosis that are proving resistant to conventional drug therapy.

Innovations, Practice, Diagnosis, Laboratory, Laboratory diagnosis

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Relationship of Dental and Oral Pathology to Systemic Illness

Article Abstract:

Dental infections such as cavities and periodontal disease can affect other parts of the body. Diseases that have been linked to dental infections include not only endocarditis but also atherosclerosis, abnormal blood clotting, heart disease, stroke, and premature birth. The incidence of dental infections may increase as people age.

Health aspects, Periodontal disease, Periodontal diseases

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