Pediatrics and adolescent medicine

Article Abstract:

Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae that are resistant to penicillin and cephalosporins are a major concern to pediatricians. Some children have died from strains of S. pneumoniae that were resistant to several commonly used antibiotics. However, the bacterium is sensitive to other antibiotics such as vancomycin. Cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) can occur in children with severe respiratory problems and many children may not survive. In one study of 63 children hospitalized for CPA, only 6 survived and 5 had severe neurological disability. High-dose epinephrine has been tested in children with CPA but has not improved mortality rates. Many cases of CPA occur in children who experience near-drowning in a swimming pool. Those who are not comatose upon arriving at the hospital have the best prognosis. CPA can be prevented by prompt treatment of its predisposing conditions.

Health aspects, Care and treatment, Research, Analysis, Pediatrics, Drug resistance in microorganisms, Microbial drug resistance, Drug abusers, Passive smoking, Children of drug addicts, Cardiac arrest

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Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine

Article Abstract:

During the 1990's, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices revised several vaccine recommendations. In 1991, universal vaccination of newborn infants against hepatitis B was recommended. In 1994, routine tuberculosis testing was not advised. In 1995, the chickenpox vaccine was added to the list of vaccines routinely given to children. An acellular pertussis vaccine was developed to prevent the side effects of the whole-cell vaccine. In 1996, the polio vaccine recommendation was changed to include two shots of inactivated vaccine and two doses of live oral vaccine.

Standards, Usage, Innovations, Immunization of children, Immunization, Poliomyelitis vaccine, Poliovirus vaccines, DPT vaccine, Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines

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NIH Director Elias A. Zerhouni, MD, reflects on agency's challenges, priorities

Article Abstract:

An excerpt of an interview with Dr. Elias A. Zerhouni is presented. Dr. Zerhouni was appointed the director of the US National Institutes of Health in 2002. He was formerly an executive vice dean and professor at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

United States, Strategy & planning, Executive changes & profiles, Planning, Officials and employees, United States. National Institutes of Health, Aims and objectives, Zerhouni, Elias A.

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