Simple examination techniques to aid in the diagnosis of urethral diverticulum

Article Abstract:

A urethral diverticulum is a small pouch formed in the wall of the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder); in women, diverticula may be associated with urinary frequency and urgency, chronic urinary tract infection, urinary incontinence, and pain during intercourse. The case histories of two women are presented to illustrate the difficulties in diagnosing urethral diverticula. In both cases, urological examinations that included cystoscopy (viewing the urethra and bladder through a brightly lighted tube), kidney X-rays and gynecological consultation and other tests did not reveal the true problem. One woman had been told her problem was psychogenic and was taking medication appropriate to that diagnosis; the other patient was partially incontinent. The simple office examination procedure used to investigate a possible urethral diverticulum is described. Surgery revealed that both patients had diverticula, which were removed. The patients experienced no more pain, and their symptoms disappeared. Five patients without urinary symptoms were examined in the manner described and no signs of diverticula were noted. The examination procedure can be recommended as a diagnostic aid for urethral diverticula. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Abnormalities, Surgery, Urethra, Urologic surgery

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A simple act

Article Abstract:

Reg and Maggie Green turned a personal tragedy into a worldwide interest in organ donation. Reg Green says they felt joy in donating their son's organs because many young lives were saved. Seven-year-old Nicholas Green died in Italy after being shot in his car by bandits. A very ill 15-year-old Italian boy began a new life with Nicholas's heart. A man who received the corneas can now watch his daughter and son play sports. Thousands of people were inspired by the gesture and given hope to overcome their own limitations and tragedies. Other parents who have faced a child's death and decided to share life also should be congratulated.

Social aspects, Organ donors, Tissue donors

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Color duplex ultrasonography in the diagnosis of temporal arteritis

Article Abstract:

Color duplex ultrasonography may allow for the diagnosis of temporal arteritis without the need for biopsy. Temporal arteritis is the inflammation of an artery on the side of the head. Duplex ultrasonography uses sound waves to show blood vessels and the flow within them. A dark halo around the lumen of the vessel was detected with duplex scanning in 73% of the 30 patients with temporal arteritis that disappeared after treatment. The 82 patients without arteritis did not have a halo. The halo, perhaps caused by swelling of the artery wall, may prove a useful diagnostic indicator of temporal arteritis.

Diagnosis, Temporal lobes, Giant cell arteritis, Temporal arteritis, Polymyalgia rheumatica, Duplex ultrasonography

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