The enteroinsular axis revisited: a novel role for an incretin

Article Abstract:

The enteroinsular axis is the name used to describe the link between the gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas. It is composed of a complex system of nutrients, hormones and neural transmitters that regulate the release of hormones from the pancreas. Foods containing glucose (sugar) cause the release of substances called incretins from the gastrointestinal tract, which stimulate pancreatic release of insulin, the hormone that promotes glucose utilization. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide is an incretin that has been studied extensively. A research study has found another substance that may be an incretin: glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36)amide (GLIP). GLIP stimulated release of insulin after a meal in both healthy individuals and diabetes patients, and higher levels of GLIP increased insulin sensitivity. The physiological mechanism underlying GLIP's effect on insulin is not known. GLIP may be useful for the treatment of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Editorial

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Antidiabetogenic effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36)amide in normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus

Article Abstract:

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36)amide (GLIP) may be an effective treatment for patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). GLIP is a substance released from the gastrointestinal tract after meals that may stimulate pancreatic release of insulin, the hormone that promotes glucose (sugar) utilization. GLIP was infused before meals to increase blood levels to twice normal in eight healthy individuals, nine obese patients with NIDDM and eight patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). GLIP increased blood levels of insulin and decreased blood glucose levels after meals in individuals from all three groups. In patients with NIDDM and IDDM, GLIP stimulated post-meal release of insulin, and reduced the requirement for injected insulin. It decreased release of the hormones glucagon and somatostatin in both groups of diabetes patients. GLIP may also increase insulin sensitivity in diabetes patients.

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Islet amyloid and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Article Abstract:

An overproduction of islet amyloid polypeptide in the pancreas may be an important cause of type 2 diabetes. Islet amyloid is a protein in the pancreas that is found in more than 90% of people with type 2 diabetes.

Health aspects, Causes of, Amyloidosis

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