The pneumococcus at the gates

Article Abstract:

The spread of drug-resistant pneumococcal bacteria necessitates the development of new antibiotics. A 1995 study showed that the number of antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal infections has significantly increased. However, another 1995 study found that adjusted mortality rates for resistant infections were not significantly higher than those for nonresistant infections. The development and spread of drug-resistant pneumococci involves at least four steps. The first two steps are the the altering of genes that code for penicillin-binding proteins and the transmission of these altered genes between bacterial strains. The third step in the process is geographic spread of resistant bacteria. The fourth step is the increase in the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotic required to slow multiplication of the bacteria. This increase in MIC may be due to both the over-prescription and the choice of favored antibiotics.

Editorial, Streptococcus pneumoniae

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Widespread distribution of urinary tract infections caused by a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli clonal group

Article Abstract:

The same strain of Escherichia coli that caused urinary tract infections (UTIs) in a group of California college women also caused UTIs in Michigan college women and Minnesota college women. This discovery is alarming because the strain is resistant to several antibiotics that are used to treat UTIs.

Health aspects, Causes of, Escherichia coli, Urinary tract infections, Women college students

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Lactation mastitis

Article Abstract:

The diagnosis and treatment of lactation mastitis is reviewed. Lactation mastitis is an inflammation of the breast that can occur during breastfeeding. It affects between 2% and 33% of all new mothers and can be severe enough to interfere with breastfeeding.

Care and treatment, Diagnosis, Complications and side effects, Breast feeding, Mastitis

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