Two karyotypically independent leukemic clones with the t(8;21) and 11 of 23 translocation acute myeloblastic leukemia at relapse

Article Abstract:

Leukemia is thought to be the result of clonal expansion of a single transformed hematopoietic cell. This view is supported by the rarity of leukemia involving two cells of different genetic composition. A study has been done on two cases of leukemia in children which demonstrate the presence of two different clones of cancer cells in their bone marrow. In one case, the first cell type involved a change of genetic material between the eight and 21 chromosomes, followed by a second translocation between chromosomes 11 and 22. In the second case, the initial translocation occurred between eight and 21. Sixteen months later (during a relapse of the disease) there was another clone of tumor cells which had a translocation of genetic material between chromosome one and 11. Various causes are considered, including: that separate events could affect different precursor cells to produce the two cancer cell lines; that two lines could be produced by a multistep cancer producing mechanism: or that the second malignancy could have been induced by therapy.

Identification and classification, Karyotypes

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Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with chromosomal breakpoints at 11q23

Article Abstract:

A study of 368 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia was made to determine the role of chromosomal changes involving the long arm of chromosome 11 at band q23. Twenty-one of the patients showed breaks in the long arm of chromosome 11. In 17 cases this resulted from genetic material being traded (translocated) between chromosome 11 and another chromosome. The leukemia resulted from deletions of segments of genetic material in three cases and from duplication in one case. Those children with translocations to the long arm of chromosome 11 tended to be African-American children with higher white blood cell counts. The survival rate of this group was not different from the other groups. Approximately half of these patients had leukemic cells derived from the B-cell type of lymphocytes, and had other immunologic features which seemed related. It is possible that leukemia caused by a breakpoint in chromosome 11 may constitute a separate class of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Research

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The T-cell receptor delta chain locus is disrupted in the T-ALL associated t(11:14) (p13;q11) translocation

Article Abstract:

Most types of malignancies result in chromosomal translocations, and these changes are thought to be a significant step in the multistep process of malignant transformation. Two patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia were discovered to have a genetic change in their tumor cells that involved the translocation of genetic material between chromosomes 11 and 14. Both patients experienced change in the same segment of chromosome 11. The pattern of this particular translocation of these two patients is developed and a map of the site of the aberration along the chromosome is discussed.

Case studies, T cell antigen receptors, Cell receptors, T cells

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