Urine concentration and enuresis in healthy preschool children

Article Abstract:

Bedwetting in healthy preschool children may be associated with a low specific gravity in first morning urine. A study of 47 healthy children aged three to six years found that 40 children had a urine specific gravity over 1.020, and none of these children wet the bed during the study even though four had a history of bedwetting. The seven children who wet the bed during the study had a urine specific gravity of 1.015 or lower. Children who voided six or more times a day were three times more likely to wet the bed at night. Despite the lower urine specific gravity of the bedwetters, the study found that healthy children can hold their urine overnight. Simple treatments such as restricting fluid intake in the evening may avoid subjecting children to drug treatments.

Enuresis, Bedwetting

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Long-term outcome after severe brain injury in preschoolers is worse than expected

Article Abstract:

Young children who experience traumatic brain injuries may fare worse than previously expected in terms of full functioning in adulthood. In a study, 39 Finnish children who had severe motor vehicle-related brain injuries were followed throughout their lives until adulthood. Although 23 of the children attended a typical school with normal children, only nine were able to work full-time as adults. The sense of identity was found to be the best indicator of final outcome. However, final assessment of the outcome of childhood traumatic brain injury may not be possible until adulthood, as normal school performance or a normal intelligence level may not indicate an injured child's ability to work productively as an adult.

Prognosis, Brain-damaged children, Brain damage

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Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Use of Psychotropic Medication in Very Young Children

Article Abstract:

There are few guidelines available for treating very young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Researchers who analyzed Medicaid claims data over a 15-month period found 223 children 3 years or younger who had been diagnosed with ADHD. Almost half had other chronic health or behavioral conditions or injuries. More than half were taking some type of psychotropic medication to control their behavior. Twenty-two different drugs were used and almost half the children were taking more than one drug.

Drug therapy, Psychotropic drugs, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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