Why do small twins have a lower mortality rate than small singletons?

Article Abstract:

Small twins do not have a lower death rate than small singletons after adjusting for relative birth weight. Previous observations that the survival rate among low-birth weight twins is better than that among low-birth weight singletons have compared infants of the same absolute weight. However, the average weight of a normal twin is less than that of a normal singleton. Data from birth and death certificates of 229,964 singletons, 2,175 first twins and 2,153 second twins were analyzed. Overall, 5.3% of the singletons weighed under 2,500 grams compared with 49.3% of the first twins and 51.7% of the second twins. The death rate was 11.3 per 1,000 births for singletons, 35.9 per 1,000 births for first twins and 54.8 per 1,000 births for second twins. After adjusting for relative birth weight, the death rates for twins were higher than those for singletons at every weight.

Patient outcomes, Mortality, Infants (Newborn), Newborn infants, Infant mortality, Twins

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Impact of pregnancy-induced hypertension on fetal growth

Article Abstract:

Preeclampsia appears to increase the risk of low birth weight and fetal growth restriction. Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and abnormal blood clotting. Researchers analyzed the effect of hypertension during pregnancy in 16,936 births in China. Some of the women had simple hypertension and some had preeclampsia. Preeclampsia did not increase the risk of premature birth but it did increase the risk of low birth weight and fetal growth restriction. Simple hypertension had no adverse effects on birth weight or fetal growth.

Complications and side effects, Risk factors, Fetus, Birth weight, Low, Low birth weight, Fetal growth retardation, Hypertension in pregnancy, Gestational hypertension

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Association of preeclampsia with high birth weight for gestational age

Article Abstract:

Pregnant women who develop preeclampsia may give birth to a baby that is bigger and heavier than normal, according to a study of 97,270 pregnancies in 35 hospitals over a six-year period. This contradicts the theory that preeclampsia is caused by abnormal blood flow in the placenta that leads to growth restriction in the fetus.

Research

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