National systems of innovation, organizational learning and industrial biotechnology

Article Abstract:

A comparative analysis of the development of biotechnology firms in the US and UK shows that institutional learning and innovations were speeded up by the entrepreneurial spirit prevalent in the US. The entrepreneurial spirit encouraged biotechnology specialists wanting to commercialize their research to form alliances with big companies to take advantage of a company's experience in meeting regulatory demands, clinical trials and its capital base. Big companies entered into such joint ventures as a short-cut in developing drugs. British biotechnology firms are encouraged to follow the joint venture example set by US biotech firms and large pharmaceuticals.

Drugs & Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing, Drugs, Joint ventures

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Strategies and performance of Canadian biotechnology firms: an empirical investigation

Article Abstract:

Existing Canadian biochemistry/biotechnology firms are hindered in their growth by three factors: cost of product development, capital availability and adequacy of human resources. While the Canadian government offers its help in providing these small biotech firms the needed capital, any financial aid given needs to be stretched due to heavy or inconsistent regulations that delay a product's launch into the market. Adding to a companies woes is the lack of qualified personnel to handle the management and financial side of a biotechnology venture.

Canada, Industry regulations, Government regulation of business, Trade regulation

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Cooperation in R&D in the pharmaceutical industry - the network as an organizational innovation governing technological innovation

Article Abstract:

The use of network as a governance approach for cooperative relationships is slowly gaining ground in the pharmaceutical industry. Consideration of Rhone-Poulenc Rorer's research and development (R&D) network partner called RPR-Gencell revealed that the creation of network organizational form is directed towards offsetting constraint factors related to the firm, to its environment and to the industry. However, the use of network in the pharmaceutical industry remains marginal and considered as an organizational gamble.

Analysis, Organizational change, Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Inc., RPR

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