Use SEM, XPS techniques to explain bond failure

Article Abstract:

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are alternatives to Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy in determining causes of failures in rubber-to-metal bonding. SEM allows users to obtain microscopic images of failed bonding and differentiate between rubber and adhesives. XPS enables identification of chemical compositions of surfaces and produces signatures of atomic species in materials.

Fabricated rubber products, not elsewhere classified, All Other Rubber Product Manufacturing, Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing, Analytical instruments, Electron & Proton Microscopes, Rubber-Metal Bonded Components, Research, Usage, Photoelectron spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopes, Rubber to metal bonding

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Blame it on the pears

Article Abstract:

A gardener relates his experiences creating a garden environment on his backyard balcony. Privacy for the area was attained by using two potted junipers, and wind chimes and a fountain were used to create pleasant sounds. English boxwoods, honeysuckle, gardenias and a banana tree, all potted, were added. By painting the floor green and building an awning, the balcony was transformed into a garden space.

Personal narratives, Balcony gardening

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The postwar trance: does no one care about America's costly military theories?

Article Abstract:

The end of the Cold War has not stopped US generals and admirals from pushing for continued large expenditures for ground divisions, as well as Air Force fighter wings and aircraft-carrier battle groups. A better approach to world stability would be to develop the economies of all of Europe.

United States, Evaluation, Europe, Economic aspects, Column, International relations, United States foreign relations, Military policy

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