Work Hardening: An Asset or Inequitable Expense in the Treatment of Workers Compensation Claimants

Article Abstract:

This paper tests the efficiency of dollar exchange rate black-markets for the currencies of six formerly socialist countries of Eastern Europe, under conditions of imperfect information, high transaction costs and pronounced turbulence due to political and economic crisis and reform. We find evidence of volatility spillovers in conditional mean affecting only the markets for the Bulgarian lev and Rumanian lei, and limited evidence of volatility spillovers in conditional variance which imply the possibility of some policy coordination emanating from the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, on balance our results lend broad support to the efficiency of exchange rate black-markets, and to previous results concerning floating exchange rate systems in general. [C] 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JEL classification: G12; F31 Keywords: Exchange rates; Black-markets; Market efficiency; Volatility spillovers

Europe, Prices and rates, Money

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Workers compensation and the learned helplessness paradigm

Article Abstract:

Noncontingent rewards and uncontrollable conditions in workers compensation systems can create learned helplessness among injured workers. A rehabilitation counselor can heighten the recovery process by involving injured workers in their rehabilitation through counselling techniques such as information giving, confrontation and family education. Workers compensation should also be changed to prevent the learned helplessness resulting from dependence on such systems.

Methods, Analysis, Rehabilitation counseling

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Let's take the 'bite' out of workers compensation

Article Abstract:

The workers compensation system based on the free market delivery of goods and services is becoming more nonvoluntary and expensive for employers and insurers. However, as public concern over the issue increases, it is evident that what should have been serious discussion and debate on the crisis is being replaced by a summarization of viewpoints, more popularly known as the sound bite.

Column, Public opinion

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