Military coups in the post-cold war era: Pakistan, Ecuador and Venezuela

Article Abstract:

The failed military coups in Ecuador (2000) and Venezuela (2002) are compared with the successful 1999 military putsch in Pakistan to identify what factors affect coup outcomes in third-wave democracies. In Ecuador and Venezuela there was greater public antipathy for military rule and stronger international resistance while the successful coup in Pakistan was mainly attributable to the unified military, which was a result of greater domestic and international tolerance of military rule.

Venezuela, Pakistan, Ecuador, Surveys, Comparative analysis, Military aspects, Coups d'etat, Military government

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Globalisation and resistance in post-cold war Mexico: difference, citizenship and biodiversity conflicts in Chiapas

Article Abstract:

This article explores the conflicts in Chiapas as a struggle between 'market citizenship' and 'pluri-ethnic citizenship'. The author, focusing on the activities of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation and other indigenous organizations, argues the resistance to globalization is linked with the indigenous people's struggles for collective rights and a more inclusive form of democracy in Mexico.

Political activity, Chiapas, Mexico, Zapatista National Liberation Army (Mexico), Mexican native peoples, Native Americans (Mexico), Globalization

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Is Mexican democracy consolidated?

Article Abstract:

The meaning of the term 'democratic consolidation' is explained along with the different ways of its operations is discussed. The importance of weighing structural, attitudinal and behavioral factors according to their degree of casual proximity to the development variable of democratic stability is emphasized.

Mexican foreign relations

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