Wildlife trade, sanctions and compliance: Lessons from the CITES regime

Article Abstract:

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) uses trade sanctions as the cornerstone of a unique compliance system that evolved through practice and secondary rules. The CITES compliance system grew largely in isolation from other environmental treaties, but the effectiveness of the mechanisms used offers lessons for other trade-related agreements that are in the process of developing their own systems to address non-compliance.

Environmental aspects, Biological diversity conservation, Biodiversity conservation

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Nuclear deterrence

Article Abstract:

The genesis and evolution of the underlying theories that had such a profound influence on the nuclear arms race and US policies towards the Soviet Union are outlined. The damaging effects that nuclear deterrence dogma had on western interests and world politics are described and an attempt is made to consider whether those effects were peculiar to the prevailing circumstances or are inherent to the concept.

Russia, United States foreign relations, Soviet foreign relations, Deterrence (Strategy), Nuclear deterrence

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Resolving or exacerbating disputes? The WTO's new dispute resolution system

Article Abstract:

During 1995, the dispute resolution system of the World Trade Organization(WTO) was transformed, to make it more effective in enforcing WTO rules. The United States and Europe are at advantage, because of negotiations over compliance with WTO rules.

World Trade Organization, Conflict management

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