A positive psychological theory of judging in hindsight

Article Abstract:

The legal system has built-in mechanisms for reducing the likelihood of hindsight bias in juries' and judges' decisionmaking. General psychological studies and those geared specifically to the legal system have shown that once an outcome is known, its occurrence is perceived to be more likely. This bias has a direct impact on tort elements such as foreseeability and objective standards of reasonableness. Control mechanisms such as not allowing into evidence post-event facts and ex ante arrangement enforcement could be supplemented with legislative awareness of hindsight bias.

Psychological aspects, United States, Law, Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Judicial process, Legal philosophy

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Judging the Security Council

Article Abstract:

The International Council of Justice, or World Court, should be able to judicially review UN Security Council decisions and, in fact, is already doing so through the Court's advisory jurisdiction. Both bodies should acknowledge the evolving opportunities presented by the many possible modes of Council legal decisions and Court review.

International aspects, Practice, Judicial review, International Court of Justice (The Hague, Netherlands), United Nations. Security Council, international

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