Beyond the boundaries of the Community Reinvestment Act and the fair lending laws: developing a market-based framework for generating low- and moderate-income lending

Article Abstract:

Federal bank regulators have had little success enforcing the Community Reinvestment Act to improve low- and middle-income access to home ownership, and Dept of Justice efforts to use fair lending laws against banks are not likely to succeed. Under the Community Reinvestment Act, lending has increased due to threats from community groups but access to banks is still limited. Using racial discrimination laws is no solution because banks' decisions are largely economic. Access the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac funds should be conditioned on meeting lending standards, providing banks with affirmative economic incentives.

Finance, Housing, Public housing, Poor, Mortgage discrimination

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Beyond the privacy principle

Article Abstract:

The Eighth Amendment prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment provides a better grounds than invasion of privacy for invalidating laws against sodomy, given the background of violence against homosexuals. Sodomy statutes violate the right to physical security by legitimating homophobic violence. The US Supreme Court's refusal in Hardwick v Bowers to invalidate Georgia's sodomy law illustrates the inadequacy of privacy analysis and the need to appeal to a more basic right of corporal integrity against the unconstitutional use of political power.

Social aspects, Homosexuality, Homophobia, Sodomy

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Beyond black and white: cultural approaches to race and slavery

Article Abstract:

The author discusses academic studies of the influence of law on slave culture in the Southern US and on African Americans during the post-Civil War era. New ways of examining the origins of slavery, racism, and the nature of Southern slave relations are analyzed.

United States, History, African Americans, Slavery, Racism, United States history, United States history, 1817-1861, United States history, 1865-1901

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