Downsizing is difficult in European countries: government protections make employee terminations costly, especially by U.S. standards

Article Abstract:

Many European countries have a different and more complex process for terminating employees than does the US. Italy's Law 23/7/91 n 233, called Collective Dismissals, lays out a strict script for companies with 15 or more employees. The time-consuming, expensive process makes it vital for the employer to quickly take an active, cooperative stance dealing with the employees and their unions. Reorganization plans, carried out in partnership with Cassa Integrazione Guadagni Straordinaria, may prove preferable.

Italy, Europe, Economic aspects, Comparative analysis, Employee dismissals, Employment terminations, Employment at will, Downsizing (Management)

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Making the leap to state courts; plaintiffs find that state fair employment practice acts provide more substantive protections and fewer procedural hurdles

Article Abstract:

More employment discrimination suits are being filed in state rather than in federal courts as both strategic and substantive advantages have increased in the former. Some state laws present additional causes of action as well as fewer substantive and procedural restrictions for plaintiffs. Experienced plaintiffs' employment attorneys draft their complaints so as to defeat removal jurisdiction. The substantive advantages offered by state laws include the prohibition of additional forms of discrimination.

Cases, Labor law, Employment discrimination, states

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The millennium bug; multinational Year-2000 efforts may be odysseys; U.S. compliance measures may not suffice overseas, especially in nations that are unprepared

Article Abstract:

An international effort of a U.S.-based multinational business to achieve Year 2000 compliance must allow for different approaches of foreign businesses in daily business transactions. Corporate efforts to address the issue abroad must also deal with its potential disruptions of public services. The Global 2000 Coordinating Group is an international group of leading banks formed to prevent it from a catastrophic effect on world financial markets.

Management, Planning, International business enterprises, Multinational corporations, Year 2000 transition (Computers), international

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