For American firms, Japanese practice has been 'very bad in general.'

Article Abstract:

Constraints placed on American lawyers practicing in Japan have grown stricter due to Japan's economic decline. Foreign attorneys are subject to a law strictly limiting the types of legal work they are allowed to do. The extremely high cost of living in Tokyo does not help matters either. The US economy is facing hard times as well, and the US Trade Representative has pressed the Japanese government to legalize American law practice in Japan. The Japanese are reluctant since they view the American idea of law as a business as alien to their own system and do not want it to spread.

Foreign operations, Law firms, Foreign attorneys, Foreign lawyers

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Nearly every state court has an alternative dispute resolution program

Article Abstract:

Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) has spread to almost all of the 50 states. Originally, ADR appealed as a way of getting around court congestion, but companies increasingly turned to this method with the realization that they did not need precedent. At first, lawyers worried that ADR would decrease their incomes but then realized with time that its cost-cutting advantages could help build a client base by making a firm seem like a better deal. Ethical concerns about ADR include equal availability and coercion. Coercion issues might arise when ADR is mandatory.

Analysis, Dispute resolution (Law)

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Japan permits legal professionals who have not passed the bar to advise people

Article Abstract:

Japan has several reasons for its small number of licensed lawyers. In addition to its 14,000 licensed lawyers, Japan also has about 70,000 unlicensed professionals who are permitted to do various kinds of legal work, including patent and tax problems and work in corporate legal departments. Although these people are not licensed, they do hold undergraduate legal degrees. The downside of the small number of licensed lawyers and the difficulty of passing the Japanese bar is that people have to be independently wealthy to survive this long process.

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