Historical foundations of the law of evidence: a view from the Ryder sources

Article Abstract:

The rise of the adversarial system and the expansion of criminal procedure appears to have lead to the development of the rules of evidence in English criminal courts of the late 18th century. One source from this time period, the notes of King's Bench Chief Justice Sir Dudley Ryder, suggests that in the middle of the decade opposing counsel was not yet common and oral testimony was not central to criminal prosecutions. Later in the century, counsel for criminal defendants became more common and rules of admissibility and exclusion were developed and extended to civil trials.

United Kingdom, History, Adversary system (Law), Adversary system, House of Hanover, 1714-1901, civil law countries

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Spoliation of evidence - a primer

Article Abstract:

Careful handling, preservation, and administration of evidence can protect potential or actual litigants and insurance companies from sanctions or damages resulting from evidence spoliation. Regular and consistent measures should be taken to ensure employees and agents properly handle and store evidence. Insurance companies have particular duties regarding loss scenes. Courts have often held harmless persons who have given the opposing interested parties reasonable access to evidence.

Analysis, Insurance industry, Testimony

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The WTO legal system: sources of law

Article Abstract:

Sources of law for the World Trade Organization (WTO) are found in primary and growing supplemental agreements. The 1994 Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization is the primary source of law. Panel reports of previous settlements provide supplementary law. The Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes outlines guidelines for resolutions. Finally, WTO law must be seen in context of other international law.

Laws, regulations and rules, World Trade Organization, International law

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