E.U. Directive on Privacy may hinder e-commerce; terms of the directive are poorly defined, but U.S. companies still need to take what measures they can to ensure compliance

Article Abstract:

Nonmember states doing business in the European Union (EU) must also adhere to its Directive on Privacy Protection becoming effective in Oct 1998, and they are required to follow undefined 'minimum standards' in processing personal data. The US and other nonmember countries may find Article 25 a significant nontariff trade barrier, as it bars the transfer of personal data to countries outside the EU lacking guarantees of adequate protection for such personal data. Strategies for companies doing substantial electronic commerce are listed.

Management, International business enterprises, Multinational corporations, Electronic commerce, E-commerce, European Union

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Internet privacy jurisdiction begins to develop; courts and legislators address e-mail confidentiality and other New Age constitutional issues

Article Abstract:

E-mail confidentiality and Internet privacy rights increasingly have become the focus of litigation, facilitating the development of a body of cyberspace privacy law. The US Supreme Court's overturning of the Communications Decency Act, and the protections provided by the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA), are two of the most prominent examples. Business e-mail messages do not receive privacy protections, although private e-mail is well-protected from interception or eavesdropping under the ECPA.

United States, Internet, Electronic mail systems, Email

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