Proportionality and force in international law

Article Abstract:

The international law doctrine, justifying the use of force as a response and in proportion to unjustified international aggression, is necessarily flexible but risks being dictated by what majority powers deem inappropriate initial aggressions and appropriate responses to such aggression. The politicization of the use of force and the application of the international self-defense doctrine was evident in the UN's sanctioning of the US-led coalition forces during the Persian Gulf War. The UN failed to define how much force was justified and at what level self-defense on behalf of Kuwait became inappropriate aggression.

Analysis, Laws, regulations and rules, War (International law), Persian Gulf War, 1991, Aggression (International law), Self-defense (International law), Self defense (International law)

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The international response to the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Article Abstract:

The dissolution of Yugoslavia demonstrates some of the problems that arise in international law over the recognition of nations. From the beginning of Yugoslavia's demise in late 1990, the US, EC, Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe and the UN involved themselves at different points in the conflict between the separating republics. Decisions of whether or not to recognize republics were not based on accepted interpretations of international law but political reasons, which contributed to the confusion and crisis of Yugoslavia's breakup.

International aspects, International relations, Yugoslavia, Recognition (International law), Dismemberment of nations

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New ways to make international environmental law

Article Abstract:

International law has never been faced with a set of issues of the gravity of worldwide environmental problems today and the United Nations (UN) has no mechanism for dealing with them expeditiously. A new UN body is needed which would make rules by methods other than unanimous consent, make sure of compliance and have a binding means of resolving disputes. Such a body could be modeled on the International Labour Organization. The other international legal mechanisms for dealing with the environment could be reorganized to avoid overlap and waste.

Environmental policy, United Nations, International environmental law, Environmental law, International

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