Standing for environmental groups: procedural injury as injury-in-fact

Article Abstract:

Standing requirements for environmental plaintiffs became so specific in the 1980s that gaining access to the courts was often not possible. In Defenders of Wildlife v Lujan the Eighth Circuit accepted a showing of 'procedural injury' as proof of standing and this may herald more liberal standing requirements. Procedural injury can be alleged under both substantive and procedural law and may help environmental groups force administrative agencies to abide by their mandate.

Case Note

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Armed conflict - losses resulting from invasion and occupation of Kuwait - oil well fires - liability for damages - causation - mitigation of damages - abatement of environmental damage - standing - parties - duplication of claims

Article Abstract:

The UN Compensation Commission Governing Council held Iraq liable for oil field damages in Kuwait, including damage caused by Allied bombing because a direct link existed between Iraqi conduct and the damage. The panel held that reasonable expenses can include extraordinary costs because Kuwait took reasonable steps in mitigating its expenses. Salaries to permanent Kuwaiti personnel are not a direct result of Iraq's conduct and cannot be reimbursed.

Iraq, Kuwait, Causation (Tort law), Reparations, War reparations, international

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The use of forestry incentives by nonindustrial forest landowner groups: Is it time for a reassessment of where we spend our tax dollars?

Article Abstract:

The authors discuss the need to review government Forestry Incentive Programs intended to encourage reforestation and proper private forest management. Topics include the failure of the programs to increase timber sales or stem the price of timber.

United States, Interpretation and construction, Planning, Laws, regulations and rules, Forests and forestry, Forests, Incentives (Business), Forestry law, Forest law

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