Playing fair with punishment

Article Abstract:

The principle of fair play shows how punishment is justified, but not which punishment should be applied in any specific case. The principle of fair play describes social order as a cooperative system in which punishment is justified as a way to restore the balance of benefits and burdens of cooperation. In this view, criminals who deserve punishment are those who attempt to take unfair advantage of others while avoiding the reciprocal obligations of cooperation. Most criticisms of this account are based on a misunderstanding of the precise benefits and burdens which the principle seeks to balance.

Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Ethical aspects, Punishment, Fairness

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The changing health care delivery system

Article Abstract:

Rising health care costs have resulted in demands for controlling waste and subjecting new technology to cost-benefit analyses while vertical integration into managed care systems is common due to reduced costs. Health care reform is necessary to prevent lower government payments to providers resulting in a divide between health care services for private and public insured patients. Market pressures are likely to reduce the health care industry into fewer providers, who are vertically integrated, compared to the current industry.

Health Care and Social Assistance, HEALTH SERVICES, Medical & Health Services, Methods, United States, Management, Evaluation, Health care industry, Medical care, Managed care plans (Medical care), Health care reform

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Workmanship

Article Abstract:

Prefabricated homes can look identical to ground-built homes, but take far less time to build. They come in separate modules, and are laid atop a foundation and joined together in just two days. They have built-in plumbing and electricity, and can cost 5% to 30% less than ground-built homes.

Design and construction, Modular houses, Prefabricated houses

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