U.S. patent policy and biotechnology: growing pains on the cutting edge

Article Abstract:

The problems in patent law that have arisen because of the rapid development of the biotechnology industry need to be resolved to provide industry and researchers with certainty. As advances in the art have become more incremental, the novelty and nonobviousness elements have become more difficult to prove and gene patents have become more difficult to obtain. The rapid advancement of the industry makes novelty determinations, which should assess the art at the time of invention, more difficult. Improved patent law doctrines will help the industry develop.

United States, Intellectual property, Genetic engineering, Biotechnology

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Patent filing costs around the world

Article Abstract:

A survey of 32 countries showed wide variation in the costs of filing patents. The survey consisted of a hypothetical scenario presented to 105 patent agents. Costs usually ranged from $1,500 to $3,000. Japan had the highest costs at $4,772 with Denmark the second highest at $3,930. Prices included official filing fees, agent's fees and any translations. Amounts for filing in the European Patent Office ranged from $3,805 to $5,289.

Prices and rates, Patents

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The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) in 1992

Article Abstract:

The World Intellectual Property Organization has listed 33 events of 1992 involving the 1970 Patent Cooperation Treaty. New members to the treaty include Vietnam, Niger, Ireland, New Zealand, Portugal and Ukraine. There were 25,917 international applications in 1992, showing a steady increase since 1978. There were 15,051 demands for preliminary examinations in 1992, showing a steady increase since 1985.

International aspects, Statistics, Patents (International law), Patent law, Patent practice

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