Impartiality: definition and representation

Article Abstract:

A discussion of the statistical basis of impartiality in economic models is presented. Impartiality, in the statistical sense, should transcend the observer's preference, and should rather be treated as the weighted sum of individual utilities with equal weights. This preference stand is based on the basic position of the observer's object in relation to the study, in that elements are assignments of social-alternative lotteries, which is the probability distribution on a set of social alternatives.

Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences, Statistics, Psychological aspects, Analysis, Economic research, Estimation theory, Statistics (Mathematics), Fairness

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Private observation, communication and collusion

Article Abstract:

Communication plays a vital role in maintaining collusion in a market where companies receive diverse imperfect information. Under a discounted repeated game, which is characterized by the occurrence of diverse expectations, communication acts as a powerful tool in resolving conflicts among players. An equilibria is most likely to be achieved whenever players deliberately communicate what they have noticed.

Economic aspects, Communication, Communications, Price fixing, Game theory

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