Political institutions and pollution control

Article Abstract:

Cross-sectional analysis is used to test whether type of political system determines willingness to enact and effectiveness of national enviromental laws. The results suggest that democracies, having lower pollution control marginal costs, are more successful in environmental regulation than their authoritarian counterparts. Measurement of international convention attendance and pollution outputs across countries also implies broader support for environmental agreements in the future, given an international trend towards democratization.

Political aspects, Environmental policy, Environmental economics

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Have U.S. financial institutions' real estate investments exhibited "trend-chasing" behavior?

Article Abstract:

Investment data from 1970-1989 show that commercial banks and thrifts invested in real estate motivated not by future expected returns but by past real estate and market returns. The strategy is one which exhibits 'trend-chasing' and may be pointed out as an explanation for bad performance. Regulatory behavior no doubt had a part in trend-chasing and imposing market-value accounting on financial institutions can actually contribute to the problem.

Financial Services, Finance and Insurance, Real estate investment trusts, Real Estate Invest Trusts, Research, Banking industry, Investments, Real estate investment, Real estate investments, Financial institutions, Bank investments, Institutional investments

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The Enforcement of Pollution Control Laws: Inspections, Violations, and Self-reporting. (Presentation of empirical evidences on the role of targeting in law compliance)

Article Abstract:

Reporting of crimes or unlawful acts by the concerned parties themselves indicates that cooperation is working, especially in the area of pollution control. On the other hand, targeting may have to be resorted to if there are suspected pollution control violators. This entails inspections to establish an actual misconduct, extent of damages, and who are accountable.

Laws, regulations and rules, Pollution

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