Quadratic Engel curves and consumer demand

Article Abstract:

A study aimed at providing an accurate analysis of the welfare cost of indirect tax reform utilized a model of consumer demand that is consistent with the expenditure patterns of individual consumers in expenditure surveys. Consumer expenditure in a nonparametric analysis shows that Engel curves need quadratic terms in the logarithm of expenditure. However, popular models of demand including the Translog or the Almost Ideal Demand Systems provide flexible price responses within a theoretically coherent structure.

Economics, Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities, Models, Economic research, Consumption (Economics), Personal budgets, Engel's law

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Structural unemployment, cyclical unemployment, and income inequality

Article Abstract:

The structural and cyclical components of unemployment were investigated, as well as their impact on income distribution. Increases in structural unemployment were found to have an aggravating impact on income inequality. Inflation was found to have a progressive impact. Results indicated that a sustained GNP growth is not necessarily associated with an improvement in income inequality because sustained GNP growth can coexist with increased structural unemployment.

Unemployment, National Income, Research, Structural unemployment

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Aggregation, distribution and dynamics in the linear and quadratic expenditure systems

Article Abstract:

The validity of Thomas Stoker's tests of the effects of income distribution on demand functions was confirmed through a linear expenditure systems model. Results imply that dynamic behavior should be interpreted as having different functions.

Demand functions (Economics), Demand functions

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