Bioethics in Brazil

Article Abstract:

Bioethics emerged later in Brazil than in most other Western countries and theories have been imported from other countries. The 1990s have been the most important period for the spread of the discipline. Some structural elements of bioethics were established in Brazil in that period of time, among them research groups, the Brazilian Bioethics Society, and the creation of the National Commission of Ethics in Research with Human Beings. In bioethics theory little progress is made in Brazil, which can be seen from the fact that almost no bioethics books are edited in Brazil and that there are only a few translations into Portuguese of books on the subject. Principlism, hegemonical in character, is the most commonly used theory among researchers in Brazil.

Brazil

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Cross-cultural issues in European bioethics

Article Abstract:

European biomedical ethics is often contrasted to the autonomy-based approaches of America, yet both are considered to be 'Western.' At least three different voices can be found in bioethics in Europe. First come the deontological codes of southern Europe and Ireland. Second is the liberal, rights-based voice found in Western Europe in which the patient can overrule medical opinion even if mental capacity is questionable. Third is that in the social welfarist Nordic countries were it concentrates on positive rights and entitlements to universal healthcare provision and dispute resolution goes to nonelected officials. There is no one unified medical ethics point of view in what is referred to as Western bioethics.

Europe, Medicine, Laws, regulations and rules, Physician and patient, Physician-patient relations, Medical ethics, Multiculturalism

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