Consolidation through institutionalisation? Dilemmas of the Spanish environmental movement in the 1990s

Article Abstract:

The institutionalization of environmental policy arenas in Spain has presented opportunities for environmental movement organizations (EMOs) to gain access to the decision-making sphere. Access has come through diverse issue networks, usually situated on the outskirts of decision-making centres. The organizational consolidation of environmental movements can be regarded as the combined outcome of growing social support and growing integration into the polity. The new political opportunities have changed some of the main ways in which EMOs exert political pressure.

Spain, Environmental policy, Environmental movement, Environmentalism

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US environmental interest groups and the promotion of environmental values: the resounding success and failure of Earth Day

Article Abstract:

The observance of Earth Day serves as a reminder to the American public about the importance of nature. The event, while not an official American holiday, is celebrated by most schools and communities in the US. However, EarthDay also serves to highlight the quandary facing environmental groups. Environmentalists disagree as to what environmental themes should be promoted during that day. Politicians and business leaders also ride on the environment bandwagon by doing some public acts during Earth Day to portray themselves as being pro-environment.

Evaluation, Environmental associations, Environmental protection, Earth Day

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