From opposition to atomization

Article Abstract:

'Civil' society was the rallying cry of the peaceful revolutions in central and eastern Europe. As the communist governments fell one by one, more citizens participated in committees, movements, assemblies, initiatives and parties that were all instituted to promote their interests. However, active political participation by citizens soon dwindled, resulting in the almost total obliteration of the concept of civil society in these countries. This trend can be reversed if people are encouraged to participate more actively in political activities.

Analysis, Eastern Europe, Central Europe, Civil society

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Poland's emerging party system

Article Abstract:

Poland has been blessed with satisfactory growth in GNP, exports, investment and consumption since the second half of 1992. It has also experienced the steady decline of inflation rates and the increase of foreign capital inflow. The country has a new Constitution which fortifies the foundations of liberal democracy. It has held two democratic presidential elections and three democratic parliamentary elections since 1989. Currently, the country is attempting to organize a multiparty system.

Poland, Political parties

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History and memory: the revolutions of 1989-91

Article Abstract:

Peaceful revolutions that began in many Soviet Union territories during 1989 were widely regarded as unprecedented cooperation between workers and intellectuals. Although many issues remain unresolved in formerly communist countries, the concept of a civil society introduced to Eastern Europe is a significant achievement.

Political activity, History, Soviet Union, Communism, Soviet history, Solidarity Electoral Action (Poland)

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