Japan's Bureaucratic Decision-Making on the Textbook

Article Abstract:

Childhood is widely regarded as the period wherein personality, social values and cultural mores are imprinted in the human being. In many nations, school, family and peers all play strong roles in child development. However Japan's schools play a decidedly more powerful role in child development than do schools in other nations. Japanese educational texts are often rationales for that country's politics. Policies and goals are taught selectively in Japanese education. Japan's educational texts provide students with practical outlooks on local and national political institutions and their links to the same. Because of the textbook's power in Japan, certain officials have endeavored to alter historical fact to present the image they regard as most useful to their cause. China and Korea both decried the alteration of World War II history in Japan's textbooks in 1982. The relationship of Japan's Ministry of Education and Japan's teachers' union is analyzed.

Japan, History, Japanese history

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Agency in critical education

Article Abstract:

The role of contradictory normative values operating as foundation premises in both traditional and critical pedagogy was studied. Implicit ideological values operate as determinants within the linguistic economy of pedagogy. Critical pedagogy should take into account and utilize the multicultural differences students bring into the classroom. Uncritical acceptance by educators of the rationalist notion of agency is the cause of the present educational crisis.

Analysis, Intercultural education, Multicultural education

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THE IMPACT OF BUREAUCRATIC STRUCTURE ON POLICY MAKING

Article Abstract:

The organization of the government's executive branch can have an effect on how public policy is made and what public policy decisions are implemented. Different organizational designs will result in different policy decisions. Additional information about organizational design is necessary to determine which decisions will be implemented.

World, Executive Offices, National Government-Executive, Management, Executive power

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