Order out of anarchy: the international law of war

Article Abstract:

International law of war has emerged as a step toward restraining the mass destruction caused by warfare. A system of cultural and legal institutions function in most societies to restrain warfare. The law seeks to bring a semblance of order into the practical problems faced by combatants and noncombatants during military conflicts. Competitive economic and military relationships between national states influenced the structure of the law. The unofficial law can help in solving the difficulties faced by warring sides in demarcating their rights and duties.

Analysis, Laws, regulations and rules, War (International law), Combatants and noncombatants (International law), Noncombatants (International law), Combatants (International law)

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Privateering and the private production of naval power

Article Abstract:

Privateering was essentially licensed piracy and the most economical and profitable solution to harass and capture enemy trade ships between 1600 and 1850. Privateers, as a rule, never engaged in major battles, not being outfitted for them, but intercepted trade ships which carried supplies and merchandise necessary for the enemy country's war effort. Aside from the privateers' profit from sales of captured cargo, a complex reward system was developed by governments to 'pay' these licensed pirates. Privateering died out before World War I.

History, Pirates

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The constitution of liberty to tax and spend

Article Abstract:

The constitutions of the individual states in the US presents a gloomy picture in therms of their regulation of state government. Special interest groups have managed to get favorable clauses included in the state constitutions. Although the constitutions in theory should provide an effective check on governmental failures, in reality, the state constitutions have become just another instrument for demanding rent by the special interest groups.

Evaluation, Influence, Pressure groups, Special interest groups, Constitutions, State, State constitutions

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