Refugees and citizens: the case of the Volga Germans

Article Abstract:

A unique refugee question involves the two million 'Volga Germans' of the former Soviet Union. Unlike most who seek asylum, the Volga Germans, ethnic Germans who migrated to Russia generations ago, are fairly prosperous and geographically diverse. Secondly, Germany has made an unusual proposal to help fund a Volga German homeland within Russia, in part to reduce the flow of immigrants to Germany. The problem of dispersed ethnic Germans in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe has long been ignored, but is akin to the situation of Jewish from the same areas. It is also an example of the extent of the refugee problem Europe will face in the 1990s.

Political aspects, Relocation (Housing), Soviet Union, Russian Germans

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Issues in contemporary Soviet education

Article Abstract:

Educational reformers in Russia and the rest of the former USSR are faced with three fundamental problems. First, they have to address the tensions generated by social and personal aspirations brought about by diminishing expectations in a shrinking economic system. They also have to rely on a conservative educational bureaucracy for reform. Finally, reformers are confronted with the problem of democratizing the educational system and of redefining Soviet socialism in the face of current realities.

Planning, Education and state, Education policy, Educational innovations

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The Germans as victims: a British view

Article Abstract:

The perception of the German people of their nation's responsibility towards the second world war has undergone a change since German reunification in 1990. Many have started looking upon themselves as war victims by remembering their experience of the Allied bombing and mass expulsion from several parts of the former German Reich. Chancellor Kohl has adopted a policy of emphasizing the positive side of German history since his assumption of office in 1982.

Analysis, Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, World War II, 1939-1945, Germans

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