Turkey: how far from consolidation?

Article Abstract:

Turkey's delegative democracy is far from being a stable or a consolidated democracy. One impediment is in the form of a volatile, fragmented, and ideologically polarized party system since the 1970s. Since 1983, there has been significant civilianization of the regime but positive memories of the military regime of 1980-83 constrain the consolidation. The role of political elites has been almost absent. Turkey's democratic development is also being affected by political Islam's rise, represented by the Refah party, and the separatist movement of the Kurdish Workers' Party.

Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Political parties, Kurds in Turkey

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Redefining Turkey's political center

Article Abstract:

Most people would not regard Turkey as a liberal democracy, even though it has held 13 open elections since 1946. The consolidation of democratic government has been hampered by overt military interventions in 1960, 1971, 1980 and 1997. Through the most recent intervention, the military established a stronger presence in the political system while retaining the appearance of democracy. The undemocratic element is still firmly embedded in the Turkish state system, but ordinary people show no desire for a return to authoritarian rule of any form.

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The Kurdish question in Turkey

Article Abstract:

Issues are presented concerning the effect on Turkish democratic development of the government's treatment of the Kurdish population. The civil policy which confuses uniformity for unity is discussed.

Social aspects, Civil rights

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